Flavonoids from Codonopsis spp.: Pharmaceutical perspectives, extraction strategies, and prospects for pectinase-assisted green recovery
1 Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
2 Department of Food Technology, School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Review
International Journal of Scholarly Research in Biology and Pharmacy, 2026, 07(02), 010-019.
Article DOI: 10.56781/ijsrbp.2026.7.2.0023
Publication history:
Received on 24 February 2026; revised on 11 April 2026; accepted on 14 April 2026
Abstract:
Codonopsis spp. is a traditional medicinal herb that has attracted increasing attention due to its flavonoid content and its potential applications in food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical fields. However, the recovery of flavonoids from this plant remains challenging because these compounds are often associated with complex cell wall components, which limits extraction efficiency. This review aimed to summarize the bioactivities of flavonoids from Codonopsis spp., outlined the conventional and green extraction methods currently used for their recovery, and discussed the prospects of pectinase-assisted extraction as a promising strategy. The method included the overview and analysis of studies employing different extraction techniques, such as solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction, heat reflux extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, subcritical water extraction, natural deep eutectic solvents, and enzyme-assisted extraction. Findings revealed that flavonoids from Codonopsis spp. exhibit notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective potential, while green extraction approaches, particularly pectinase-assisted extraction, offer advantages in improving flavonoid release under mild and more sustainable conditions. This review highlighted the potential of pectinase-assisted extraction as an eco-friendly approach for enhancing flavonoid recovery from Codonopsis spp. Future research should focus on process optimization, integration with other green technologies, and validation for larger-scale applications.
Keywords:
Bioactivity; Codonopsis spp; Flavonoids; Green extraction; Pectinase-assisted extraction; Sustainable recovery
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